Conference Paper2025

AI Agents in Healthcare: A Survey of Applications, Resources, and Challenges

Sami Rashid, Md Fahim Shahriar, Sumaiya Karim Katha, Ezharuddin Jubaer, Akm Moshiur Rahman Mazumder, Ashraful Islam, Mohsena Ashraf, Asif Mahmud, M Ashraful Amin

2025 IEEE 23rd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)

IEEE, pp. 1-6

  • Good Health and Well-being — Relevance: 93%
DOI: 10.1109/scored68498.2025.11398875URL

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have accelerated the emergence of agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare, representing a paradigm shift from static models to autonomous entities capable of complex medical reasoning. This survey examines AI agents across six domains: clinical decision support, healthcare systems management, clinical consultation, medical education, medical imaging, and evaluation frameworks. We analyze over 30 systems including MDAgents, Agent Hospital, ColaCare, and AgentClinic, identifying key architectural patterns and performance characteristics. These systems demonstrate promising results across a range of clinical tasks, leveraging both multi-agent collaboration and specialized medical reasoning. Critical deployment barriers include data privacy, algorithmic bias, regulatory gaps, safety concerns in multi-agent architectures, explainability requirements, and integration challenges. We identify open research problems and highlight key challenges to advancing safe, reliable, and impartial healthcare agentic AI.

Keywords

  • algorithmic bias
  • Medical education
  • diagnostic imaging
  • clinical decision support
  • multi-agent systems
  • medical consultation
  • large language models
  • AI Agents
  • regulatory challenges
  • explainability

CCDS Authors

Ashraful Islam, PhD
Ashraful Islam

Ashraful Islam, PhD

  • Center Director, CCDS
  • Director, HCI Wing

Published at

CHI, UIST, UbiComp, IJCNN, ICIP, HCII, ICDMW, BLP, Pattern Recognition, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, JMIR, JMIR Human Factors, JMIR Formative Research, IEEE Access, Smart Agricultural Technology, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, PLOS ONE

Asif Mahmud
Asif Mahmud

Asif Mahmud

  • Co-Director, IPT Wing

  • Lecturer

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering

    Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB)

Prof. M Ashraful Amin, PhD
M Ashraful Amin, PhD

Prof. M Ashraful Amin, PhD

  • Founder Director, CCDS
  • Director, AI/ML, HCI & DS Wings

Published at

ACL, CHI, UbiComp, ECAI, WACV, PAKDD, IJCNN, ICPR, ICIP, HCII, CLEF, BLP, Scientific Reports, Pattern Recognition, JMIR, IEEE Access, Smart Agricultural Technology, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, PLOS ONE

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