Comparative Analysis of Local and Global Blockchain for Energy-Efficient Carbon Emission Tracking in Bangladesh

Fahim Ahmed; Aysha Siddika; Md Junayed Hossain; Nabarun Halder; Ashraful Islam; Sanzar Adnan Alam

doi:10.1109/scored68498.2025.11399118

Conference Paper2025

Comparative Analysis of Local and Global Blockchain for Energy-Efficient Carbon Emission Tracking in Bangladesh

Fahim Ahmed, Aysha Siddika, Md Junayed Hossain, Nabarun Halder, Ashraful Islam, Sanzar Adnan Alam

2025 IEEE 23rd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)

In: 2025 IEEE 23rd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD)

IEEE, pp. 1-6

DOI: 10.1109/scored68498.2025.11399118 URL

Abstract

Carbon emissions are one of the most critical environmental challenges in the world today, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh, where the limitations of infrastructure and energy demand innovative and affordable solutions. This paper explores how blockchain technology, known for its transparency, decentralization, and security, can be adapted to support carbon emission tracking in such contexts. This study takes a comparative approach by analyzing existing research on local and global blockchain networks in terms of energy efficiency, latency, cost, speed, and scalability. The novelty of this work lies in conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of these blockchain models specifically from the perspective of a developing country like Bangladesh, which leads to the identification of a conceptual framework that combines Internet of Things (IoT) based data collection, local blockchain processing, and Reduced Instruction Set Computer - Fifth Generation (RISC-V) hardware to create a more energy-efficient and cost-effective system. Literature findings show that local blockchains often outperform global systems in resource-constrained environments, and RISC-V offers a more efficient and affordable alternative to x86 and Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) architectures. The conceptual framework identified through our comparative analysis provides a practical and scalable direction for developing sustainable carbon emission tracking systems in countries like Bangladesh. Future work will focus on the validation and implementation of this conceptual framework in real-world settings.

Keywords

BlockchainScalabilityConceptual frameworkWork (physics)SustainabilityThe InternetSustainable development

CCDS Authors

Ashraful Islam, PhD

Center Director, CCDS
Director, HCI Wing

Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB)

Research Interests

Human-Computer Interaction, AI for Social Good, AI for Public Health, AI for Impact

References

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14.Richard, Vera Angelina, Felix, Michael Wangsa Mulia. (2023). A Benchmarking Study of Blockchain-Based Technology Implementation Cost: Public and Private Blockchain for Enterprise Level Organization Using Benchmarking Model. Lecture notes in networks and systems, 356–365[10.1007/978-3-031-21229-1_33]
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← All publications

Abstract

References

1.Zhu Liu, Zhu Deng, Steven J. Davis, Clement Giron, Philippe Ciais. (2022). Monitoring global carbon emissions in 2021. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 3(4), 217–219[10.1038/s43017-022-00285-w]

2.Nir Kshetri, Jeffrey Voas. (2018). Blockchain in Developing Countries. IT Professional, 20(2), 11–14[10.1109/mitp.2018.021921645]

3.Denisolt Shakhbulatov, Arshit Arora, Ziqian Dong, Roberto Rojas-Cessa. (2019). Blockchain Implementation for Analysis of Carbon Footprint across Food Supply Chain. , 546–551[10.1109/blockchain.2019.00079]

4.Derrick Effah, Bai Chunguang, Francis Appiah, Bless Lord Y. Agbley, Mathew Quayson. (2021). Carbon Emission Monitoring and Credit Trading: The Blockchain and IOT Approach. 2021 18th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP), 106–109[10.1109/iccwamtip53232.2021.9674144]

5.Qian Li, Yingli Wang. (2021). Blockchain's role in supporting circular supply chains in the built environment. , 578–583[10.1109/blockchain53845.2021.00087]

6.Karl Seidenfad, Jan Biermann, Ulrike Lechner. (2023). CarbonEdge: Demonstrating Blockchain-Based Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the Edge. , 1–3[10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174891]

7.Abdulrezzak Zekiye, Öznur Özkasap. (2023). Blockchain-based Federated Learning for Decentralized Energy Management Systems. , 186–193[10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338852]

8.Alexander Nubbaum, Johannes Schutte, Luoyao Hao, Henning Schulzrinne, Florian Alt. (2021). Tremble: TRansparent Emission Monitoring with BLockchain Endorsement. , 59–64[10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata-cybermatics53846.2021.00024]

9.Harine Thirunavukkarasu, Karishma Rajendran, Koushika Dinesh, S. Gunasekaran. (2023). Application of Blockchain and IoT in Cap and Trade of Carbon Emissions. , 1–5[10.1109/raeeucci57140.2023.10134302]

10.Liam Waters, Irina Tal. (2021). CERCoin: Carbon tracking enabling Blockchain system for Electric Vehicles. 2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C), 622–629[10.1109/qrs-c55045.2021.00095]

11.Gasim Othman Alandjani. (2023). Blockchain Technology and Impacts on Potential Industries. , 1–4[10.1109/icaic57335.2023.10044170]

12.Julian Kakarott, Volker Skwarek. (2020). An enhanced DLT-based CO2 Emission Trading System. 2020 Fourth World Conference on Smart Trends in Systems, Security and Sustainability (WorldS4), 435–442[10.1109/worlds450073.2020.9210260]

13.Jianuo Hao. (2022). Blockchain-Based Carbon Footprint Tracking for Chips. , 1314–1317[10.1109/iccc56324.2022.10065996]

14.Richard, Vera Angelina, Felix, Michael Wangsa Mulia. (2023). A Benchmarking Study of Blockchain-Based Technology Implementation Cost: Public and Private Blockchain for Enterprise Level Organization Using Benchmarking Model. Lecture notes in networks and systems, 356–365[10.1007/978-3-031-21229-1_33]

15.Alghashmari Saad, Alnori Abdulaziz. (2023). Blockchain Technology in IoT and IIoT Environments. , 617–626[10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338859]

16.Sonal I Shirke, Payal Bansal, Sushil Jain. (2023). A Comparative Analysis of Local and Global Blockchain For Energy Consumption. , 1–5[10.1109/temscon-aspac59527.2023.10531482]

17.ZhenHua Yan, YongLiang Li, ShengTao Li, Gao Bo, Ma Rui. (2022). Research on blockchain-based carbon emission early warning method. , 1317–1320[10.1109/ic2ecs57645.2022.10088008]

18.Mahendra Swain, Dilip Lilaramani, G. Mahesh. (2021). A Comparative Analysis of Various Blockchain Hardware Platforms Using Ethereum. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC), 1–5[10.1109/icmnwc52512.2021.9687830]